By Sarada Lahangir
As the first light of dawn illuminates the coastal town of Balasore, Odisha, Dr. Biswajit Panda, 28, a passionate wildlife biologist by profession and a champion of UNICEF’s Youth4Water Plus- a campaign that mobilizes young minds from the state to act on WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) and climate change, begins his day’s journey, not with the ordinary trappings of urban life, but with a mission that resonates deeply with the rhythms of nature. With the gentle lapping of waves as a backdrop, he wades into the salty shallows, a silhouette against the rising sun. His mission is clear: to rescue the ancient custodians of the sea- the horseshoe crabs.
Every day, Dr. Panda works tirelessly to rescue horseshoe crabs caught in ghost nets and discarded fishing gear, which pose a serious threat to marine life. Despite the growing challenges of dwindling populations and habitat loss, his dedication to conservation remains unwavering.
Horseshoe crabs, which are actually more closely related to spiders, have a fascinating history that stretches back over 450 million years. These remarkable creatures, with their blue blood, play a crucial role in medical science. Their blood has the rare ability to clot in the presence of bacteria, making it invaluable for testing medicines, vaccines, and medical equipment. Beyond their blood, horseshoe crabs provide chitin—a compound similar to cellulose found in their shells—which is vital for wound healing and treating severe burns.
In Odisha, two of the world’s four horseshoe crab species make their home: the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) and the mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda). These species are found along the northeast coasts of Balasore and Kendrapara districts, with some nesting sites scattered along other coastal areas in the region.
In recognition of the critical state of horseshoe crab populations, India classified them under Schedule IV of the Wildlife (Protection) Act in 2009, making it illegal to capture or harm them. Despite this legal protection, horseshoe crabs still face numerous threats, including overharvesting and the degradation of their natural habitats.
Joining the youth bandwagon
For the last 10 years, Dr. Panda has been involved in rescuing horseshoe crabs that are entangled in ghost nets and discarded fishing gears. His association with UNICEF’s Youth4Water Plus campaign has further strengthened his resolve.
Dr Panda acknowledged “Being part of UNICEF’s Youth4Water Plus campaign has been a transformative experience for me. It has reinforced my belief that the youth have the power to make a real difference. Through our collective efforts, we can protect both the environment and the communities that depend on it, creating a sustainable future for all.”
Mobilizing local communities
Recognizing the urgent need for action, Dr. Panda has made it his mission to raise awareness and mobilize community efforts to safeguard these unique creatures. He empowers local villagers, whose livelihoods are intricately intertwined with the health of the marine environment. Realising the pivotal role of community engagement, he initiates a series of educational outreach programmes, drawing upon traditional knowledge and modern science to foster a deeper understanding of the horseshoe crab’s ecological significance. Through village meetings, school visits, and interactive workshops, he ignites a spark of conservation consciousness that spreads through the coastal hamlets.
“We knew that without the active involvement of the local community, our efforts would be futile,” says Dr. Panda. “Hence, we embarked on a journey of collaboration and shared responsibility, inspiring individuals to become custodians of their natural heritage.”
Through these series of outreach programmes, meetings, and educational initiatives, Dr. Panda and his team have successfully raised awareness among thousands of villagers, instilling a sense of concern towards preserving horseshoe crabs. Fishermen like Janmejaya Haldaar,56, a fisherman of Dhubalgadi village once indifferent to the plight of horseshoe crabs, now emerge as staunch advocates for their protection. With newfound awareness and a sense of responsibility, these guardians of the sea lend their hands and hearts to the cause, joining Dr. Panda in rescue missions and habitat restoration efforts.
“Earlier, we did not understand the significance of these creatures,” says Janmejaya . “However, thanks to Dr. Panda’s guidance, we now recognize the importance of protecting them. Today, our community is actively involved in rescuing and relocating horseshoe crabs to ensure their survival.” He states.
Sanjukta Bhol, 52 years old from the neighboring Balramgadi village, shares the same sentiments. “Whenever we come across a stranded horseshoe crab, we immediately spring into action. Today, I’m overjoyed to have rescued two trapped in a net. With Dr. Panda’s guidance, I ensured both were safely returned to the sea where they belong.” Bhol was overwhelmed with joy.
“It’s fulfilling to be part of this conservation effort and witness firsthand the impact of Dr. Panda’s motivation.” She exclaimed with a smile.
Conservation efforts reap results
Along with community mobilisation, Dr. Panda has adopted a multifaceted approach to conservation, combining scientific research with on-the-ground interventions. Through meticulous rescue and relocation efforts, his team has saved 485 horseshoe crabs ensnared in ghost nets, offering them a second chance at life in the vast expanse of the ocean.
Moreover, Dr. Panda advocates for the sustainable use of horseshoe crabs in biomedical research, utilizing their unique blue blood to detect bacterial endotoxins, while also exploring alternative livelihood options for coastal communities. One of his innovative initiatives involves motivating local communities to repurpose ghost nets into useful household items, such as doormats, providing a sustainable solution to the issue of discarded fishing gear while helping villagers generate income.
Apart from raising awareness and conducting rescue operations, Dr. Panda emphasises the importance of education in fostering a culture of conservation. He envisions every household in the region adorned with paintings depicting horseshoe crabs, serving as a constant reminder of the species’ significance. Moreover, he advocates for integrating wildlife conservation into the curriculum to empower the younger generation to become environmental stewards.
“The key to long-term conservation success lies in educating future generations,” explains Dr. Panda. “By instilling a sense of responsibility and appreciation for nature at a young age, we can ensure the continued protection of species like the horseshoe crab.”
Former Wildlife Institute of India (WII) scientist and Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) trustee, BC Choudhury, commends Dr. Panda’s dedication, stating, “Dr. Panda’s initiative to raise awareness among the local community about horseshoe crabs and protect the species is commendable.” He expresses optimism that these efforts will yield positive changes and ultimately preserve the lives of horseshoe crabs.
Hope amid despair
Despite facing formidable challenges, including the commercial use of horseshoe crabs for medical and agricultural purposes, Dr. Panda remains resolute in safeguarding these ancient creatures. With unwavering dedication and community support, he continues to make strides in preserving the rich biodiversity of Odisha’s coastal habitats.
“I envision a future where wildlife conservation is woven into the very fabric of society, ensuring the thriving existence of every species, no matter how small,” Panda passionately states.
(Sarada Lahangir is a Bhubaneswar-based independent journalist, communication and advocacy expert)
